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1 pound French green lentils, picked over and rinsed
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Boiling water
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1/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for serving
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3 large onions, chopped
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3 garlic cloves, minced
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2 large leeks, white and tender green parts only, chopped
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1 tablespoon kosher salt, plus more for seasoning
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1 1/2 teaspoons freshly ground black pepper, plus more for seasoning
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1 tablespoon chopped fresh thyme
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1 teaspoon ground cumin
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8 celery ribs, cut into 1/2-inch dice
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6 carrots, cut into 1/2-inch dice
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3 quarts chicken stock or low-sodium broth
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1/4 cup tomato paste
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2 tablespoons dry red wine or red wine vinegar
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Freshly grated Parmesan cheese, for serving